My theory is that ,after the brass is as shiney/slick as it is going to ever get , the media no longer has microscopic scratches in the surface for the media to get hold of and the polishing action slows down to almost nothing. If you have ever buffed steel on a buffing wheel,you know that once a surface is polished to as far as a curtain grit of polish will take a piece of metal out to,you can buff as long as you want and no apparent further surface change will happen. To go further,you have to change to a finer grit of polishing compound.
Griff, a truck driver over on the lever guns forum ,
once forgot to turn his tumbler off while he went on a two week trucking stint. When he returned the vibrator tumbler was still running. He said the brass showed no excess wear at all,just nice and shiny.
I have forgotten and let mine run for as long as 12-14 hours before without any problems with the brass but they sure did look good. Normally 2 1/2 to 3 hours will do the trick using corn cob or walnut with Dillon polish added.