Main topic.......Groove diameters..........
and this applies to all guns, not just the 7.62x54R Russian.
First off, the Ruskies make their .30 cal. bullets usually .310" diameter, which includes most of the 7.62x39 AK type ammo as well. Many of the barrels for the 7.62x54R Russian reportedly have groove diameters upwards of .312" or larger, Russian bullet diameters also are reported to sometimes be upwards of .312, yet I am advocating rechambering .308" groove diameter US barrels to the Rusky.
This raises alarm among some fearing excess pressures as a result of putting a larger diameter bullet down a smaller groove diameter barrel.
The Finns it is reported rebarrelled a lot of the Russin Mosin Nagant rifles with .308" groove diameter barrels, named them 7.62x53R, and conceded the 54 ammo could be shot in their rebarrelled rifles with the smaller groove diameter. That is my understanding at this point anyway.
Ruger, I have mentioned before, made the Mini-14 in 7.62x39 (.310" bullets) with .308" groove diameter barrels.
Bullets larger in diameter than the barrel's groove diameter is not a problem at all, IF the throat is not too small for the bullet.
quoted from Mike Bellms Thompson Center newsletter. Hope this helps.