Your question is wide open for the most part. All the above answers could be correct.
Size is king for sure.
Do you have thread choke?
Is your bore spotless from jacket material and carbon?
Lube is another thing. Most commercial made for the masses cast bullets have a generic, no better than crayon lube on them. It is made to look pretty and not come of in shipping.
If you are shooting a bevel based bullet that is undersized with poor lube you will have problems, no matter how hard it is.
Once leading starts it will only get worse. It will not fix its self. FYI as leading builds in a barrel it moves toward the chamber rather away from it.
Yes sometimes some powders may tend to lead. IMO it is a pressure curve thing. A fast powder swats it in the hind end hard and fast, thus "slugging" it up to bore size. Maybe why unique tends to work in darn near every caliber out there with a cast bullet, and work good to excellent.
I have shot cast in everything from a 22 hornet to 458 Lott with a so called jacketed powder. When everything is in order you can get low to medium jacketed speeds in them. I have fooled with the 30's enough in 06 and 300wm to achieve good accuracy and speed, 240-2700fps with a 180. Not just a couple of shoots and say it was a success. Most of my range sessions are 40+ rounds.
I know this may rile the troops, but I don't try to "blow" the leading out with a jacketed bullet. I tried it once, worst mess I ever had myself.
I also refuse to shoot jacketed in my CB guns.
There is no witch craft in shooting cast. May be a little more time and work involved but it is worth it in the long run.
Sorry to be so long winded but I just couldn't stand it not making an attempt to save you any more issues.
Jeff