how I would polish a bore depends a lot on case and gun type.
I have used a fired case, remove the primer and mount it on the end of a wood dowel. I used various grit of lapping compound. for ACP cases, I placed a flat washer between fired case and dowel to prevent doing any damage to the head space lip.
I can'r recomend this, but something I did for a salvaged mini14 with a chamber pitted so bad the fired case had to be hammered out, was to clean and rough up chamber, then fire a round coated in epoxy. The rifle has worked fine for several hundred rounds now