Okay, tried to post this yesterday but the site was down. The Mark II has been repaired!
Thanks to the advice here I was able to remove the barrel assembly (with bolt inside) from the receiver. In doing so I saw no signs of metal shavings or anything else that looked wrong. But I was able to get a better feel for the "gritty" feeling when I moved the bolt. It now felt more like a spring being dragged over something. Based on that I figured I'd check an incredibly easy and cheap fix: the little screws for the sight rail on the top of the barrel assembly. I removed the third one back and what do you know, the bolt popped right out! I assumed these holes were blind to prevent such an issue, but obviously I was wrong! 8) That one little screw somehow managed to work its way into the recoil spring just far enough to lock everything up. I wish I had thought of that earlier, but honestly I have to say I love the fact that it was such a simple (and CHEAP!!!!) fix! Now that I was able to get the bolt out I saw that the floor smashing thing that first moved the bolt damaged the recoil spring where that screw was locked onto it, but no worries, a new spring assembly is on its way from Ruger, along with some other rebuild parts (over 10,000 rounds fired through it, I guess it's time to spend all of $16 to ensure proper functioning in the future!).
So there it is, a tiny little screw with a mind of its own caused all of this. Ha!
Thanks again all for your input, it's been much appreciated!