How helicopters fly

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KurtC

Single-Sixer
Joined
Dec 17, 2007
Messages
248
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New Jersey
Parachuted from a Huey, fast roped from a BlackHawk and Sh!thook. Rode the pods on Little Birds. Basically, the more blades that are on the rotor, the more maneuverable it is. 2 blades - bad, 5 blades - good. Huey's needed to pretty much take off into the wind to get enough lift with a full load.
 

dannyd

Hunter
Joined
Aug 10, 2016
Messages
2,117
Location
Florida
For those questioning the principal of lift with versus a fixed wing aircraft, the angle or pitch of the rotors is constantly being manipulated by the pilot. The tail rotor keeps the entire machine for counter-rotating. Add steering input and one can see why they are somewhat complex to fly compared to a fixed wing plane.
It's not that complex; the helicopter has a mixing unit in the flight controls that does most of the work (todays helicopter's), rotor head is constant speed, and the engines are care controlled by the collective stick.

Navy H-60 pilots fly once airborne with just their right thumb.
 

wproct

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Joined
Nov 7, 2006
Messages
465
Location
Ia
When I first retired my grandson was about 11 and had a big interest in airplanes. You could buy battery powered r/c airplanes and helicopters fairly reasonably. We started with airplanes and then went to helicopters. Our first helicopter was a double rotor job which was quite easy to fly. I asked our sales guy at the hobby shop how much more difficult it was to fly a single rotor. He laughed and said it's basically like trying to balance a BB on the tip of a ball point pen. And wow, was he ever right! Neither me or my grandson ever really successfully flew it.
 

Hankus

Blackhawk
Joined
Nov 13, 2022
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558
Location
Florida Gulf Coast
14 years in the Army and hundreds of hours total in fixed and rotary wing aircraft as either a crew member on "reconnaissance" aircraft of both types or as a "temporary passenger" for jumps, landing insertions or rappelling insertions. Flying NOE in a Blackhawk was a blast, especially at night! The only "hairy" experience I had was going in for a landing during a thunderstorm in a Beech RC-12 at Orlando Airport/McCoy Field. We were "bingo" on fuel after circling while waiting for the storms to clear. They didn't. The crewmember sitting across from me turned as green as her flight suit then proceeded to fill up one airsickness bag after another with the remains of the MRE she had eaten earlier in the mission. They nicknamed me Ironjaw after that mission as I managed to keep mine down.
 

freakindawgen

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Joined
Aug 30, 2009
Messages
324
Location
Perryville,MO
Those-that don't 'know' helicopters have heard a lost of absolute 'baloney' concerning them. The tolerances that must be maintained throughout the entire aircraft is truly remarkable. The main rotor system (two blades and the hub), as am example, on a Huey is static balanced prior to be actually installed on the aircraft. A #10 thin aluminum washer placed on the tip will unbalance it a tremendous lot. Once installed they are rotor balanced to 1 gram (a US dollar bill weighs 1 gram). Strict and very close tolerances are what helicopter maintenance is all about
Also, once installed, the helo gets run at 100% and get a high and low (stick back, then fwd) track. Consists of a large F pipe with a canvas belt on bungees (called a flag) between the horizontal pipes. The blade have a tab on the tip with a hole for a tie-down and it gets a red grease pencil mark on the leading edge. Other gets black. So while the rotors are 100% you, in ft of the helo, ease the canvas into the spinning rotor being careful to only let it touch it and pull back. The marks left will tell you where the adjustment needs to go. You will get a red and black mark like = or - .single line is what you want. If adjust is needed the pitch rods are adjusted till they flag - . Then tabs facing down are put on the rotor tips with a + or - on them facing the cockpit. It gets a test flight with a Chadwick basically a strobe timing light aimed at the tabs. You can get it fine tuned using this.

 

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freakindawgen

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Joined
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Perryville,MO
HOW TO OPERATE A HELICOPTER MECHANIC

A long long time ago, back in the days of iron men and rotor blades, a ritual began.

It takes place when a helicopter pilot approaches a mechanic to report some difficulty with his aircraft. All mechanics seem to be aware of it, which leads to the conclusion that it's included somewhere in their training, and most are diligent in practicing it.

New pilots are largely ignorant of the ritual, because it's neither included in their training, not handed down to them by older drivers. Older drivers feel that the pain of learning everything the hard way was so exquisite that they shouldn't deny anyone the pleasure.

There are pilots who refuse to recognize it, as a serious professional
amenity,no matter how many times they perform it, and are driven to distraction by it.

Some take it personally. They get red in the face, fume, and boil, and do foolish dances. Some try to take it as a joke, but its always dead serious.
Mostpilots find they can't change it, and so accept it and try to practice it with some grace.

The ritual is accomplished before any work is actually done on the aircraft. It has four parts and goes something like this:

1. The pilot reports the problem. The mechanic says "There is nothing wrong with it."
2. The pilot repeats his complaint. The mechanic maintains, "It's the
gauge."
3. The pilot persists, plaintively. The mechanic maintains, "There all like that."
4. The pilot, heatedly now, explains the problem carefully, enunciating
carefully. The mechanic states, "I can't fix it."

After the ritual has been played through its entirety, serious discussion begins and the problem is usually solved forthwith.

Like most rituals, this one has its roots in antiquity and a basis in
Experience and common sense. It started back when mechanics first learned to operate pilots, and still serves a number of purposes. Its most important function,is that it is a good basic diagnostic technique. Causing the pilot to explain the symptoms of the problem several times in increasing detail, not only saves trouble shooting time, but gives the mechanic insight into the pilots knowledge
of how the machine works, and his state of mind.

Every mechanic knows that if the last flight was performed at night, or in bad
weather, some of the problems reported are imagined, some exaggerated, and some are real. Likewise, a personal problem, especially romantic or financial,but including simple fatigue, affects a pilots perception of every little rattle and thump. There are also chronic whiners and complainers to be weeded out and dealt with. While performing the ritual, an unscrupulous mechanic can find out if thepilot can be easily intimidated. If the driver has an obvious personality disorder like prejudices, pet peeves, tender spots, or other manias, they will
stick out like handles, which he can be steered around.

There is a proper way to operate a mechanic, as well. Don't confuse
"operating" a mechanic with "putting one in his place." The worst and often most repeated mistake, is to try and establish an "I'm the pilot, you are just the mechanic" hierarchy. Although alot of mechanics can and do fly, recreationally, they don't give a dam about doing it for a living. There satisfaction come from working on expensive and complex machinery. As a pilot, you are neither feared nor envied,
but merely tolerated, for until they actually do train monkeys to fly those things, he needs a pilot to put the parts in motion so he can tell if everything is working properly. The driver who tries to put a mechanic in his "place"is headed for a fall. Sooner or later, he will try to crank with the blade tied down. After he has snatched the tail boom, around to the cabin door, and completely burnt out the engine, he'll look across the way and see the mechanic standing there sporting a funny little smirk. Helicopter mechanics are indifferent to attempts at discipline or regimentation other than the discipline of their craft. It is accepted that a good mechanics personality should
contain unpredictable mixtures of irascibility and nonchalance, and should exhibit at least some bizarre behavior.

The basic operation of a mechanic involves four steps:

1. Clean an aircraft. Get out a hose or bucket, a broom and some rags, and at some strange time of day, like early morning, or when you take your afternoon nap, start cleaning that bird from top to bottom, and inside out. This is guaranteed to knock the sourest old wrench off balance. He'll be suspicious,but he will be attracted to the strange behaviors like a passing motoring to a road-side accident. He may even join in to make sure you don't break anything.
Before you know it, you'll be talking to each other about the aircraft while you are getting a more intimate knowledge of it. Maybe while you are mucking out the pilots station, you will see how rude it is to leave coffee cups, candy wrappers, cigarette butts, and other trash behind to be cleaned up.
2. Do a thorough pre-flight. Most mechanics a willing to admit to themselves that they might make a mistake, and since alot of his work must be done at night or in a hurry, a good one likes to have his work checked. Of course he would rather have another mech to do the checking, but a driver is better than nothing. Although they cultivate a dead-pan, don't give a dam attitude,mechanics have nightmares about forgetting to torque a nut or leaving tools in
inlets or drive shaft tunnels. A mech will let little gigs slide on a
machine that's never pre-flighted, not because they won't be noticed, but because he figures the driver will overlook something big some day and the whole thing will end up in a pile of smoking rubble anyway.
3. Don't abuse the machinery. Mechanics see drivers come and go, so you
won't impress one in a thousand with what you can make the aircraft do. They allknowshe'll lift more than max gross, and will do a hammer head with a half roll.
While the driver is confident that the blades and engine and massive framemembers will take it, the mech knows that it's the seals and bearings and rivetsdeep in the guts of the machine that fail from abuse. In a driver, mechanicsaren't looking for expensive clothes, flashy girlfriends, tricky maneuvers andlot's of juicy stories about WW Vietnam. They are looking for one who willfly the thing so that all the components make their full service life. They also know that high maintenance costs are a good excuse to keep salaries down.
4. Do a post-flight inspection. Nothing feels more deliciously dashing than to end the day by stepping down from the bird and walking off into the sunset while the blade slowly turns down. It's the stuff that beer commercials are made of.
The trouble is, it leaves the pilot ignorant of how the aircraft had faired after a hard days work, and leaves the wrench doing a slow burn. The mechanic is an engineer, not a groom, and need some fresh, first hand information on the aircraft's performance if he is to have it ready to go the next day. A little end of day conference also gives you one more chance to get him in the short ribs. Tell him the thing flew good. It has been known to have the faint dead away. As you can see, operating a helicopter mechanic is simple, but not easy.
What it boils down to, is that, if a pilot performs his pilot rituals religiously,in no time at all he will find the mechanic operating smoothly. I have not attempted to explain how to make friends with a mechanic, for that is not known.

Helicopter pilots and mechanics have a strange relationship. Ones job is toprovide the helicopter with love and care, the others is to provide the wear and tear. But, the bottom line is this, there is a symbolic partnership here,because one job depends on the other.
 

harley08

Blackhawk
Joined
Jan 9, 2014
Messages
677
I delivered all the fuel to sikorsky for about 10 years while i was un loading i would watch them test fly them and can tell you they can do incredible things scary at times but i never saw one fly upside down

Gramps
Gramps, Sikorsky in CT. ?
I used to work at a print plant in Stratford, CT. (Sniffens Lane)
The building I worked in was used to make Corsair airplanes.
Across the street was Charter Arms.
Half a block away was Avco Lycoming Textron- Stratford Army Engine Plant.
That was a long time ago.
 
Joined
Feb 19, 2007
Messages
1,490
Location
wtn ct usa
Gramps, Sikorsky in CT. ?
I used to work at a print plant in Stratford, CT. (Sniffens Lane)
The building I worked in was used to make Corsair airplanes.
Across the street was Charter Arms.
Half a block away was Avco Lycoming Textron- Stratford Army Engine Plant.
That was a long time ago.
Yes i hauled the jet fuel in there and Avco for 10-12 years my son and grand son both work there as a matter of fact i will be fishing in the river right behind there tomorrow morning
Gramps
 
Joined
Nov 17, 2009
Messages
12,045
Location
Webster, MD.
Also, once installed, the helo gets run at 100% and get a high and low (stick back, then fwd) track. Consists of a large F pipe with a canvas belt on bungees (called a flag) between the horizontal pipes. The blade have a tab on the tip with a hole for a tie-down and it gets a red grease pencil mark on the leading edge. Other gets black. So while the rotors are 100% you, in ft of the helo, ease the canvas into the spinning rotor being careful to only let it touch it and pull back. The marks left will tell you where the adjustment needs to go. You will get a red and black mark like = or - .single line is what you want. If adjust is needed the pitch rods are adjusted till they flag - . Then tabs facing down are put on the rotor tips with a + or - on them facing the cockpit. It gets a test flight with a Chadwick basically a strobe timing light aimed at the tabs. You can get it fine tuned using this.

That is the system I first learned when tracking the CH-34 four blade system then, on the the Huey two blades. Today the tracking is all done electronically. sensors are attached to the blade tips, a little black box on my lap, and sit in the left seat. Tracked at various speeds and the computer tells what is needed to be done and where.
 
Joined
Nov 17, 2009
Messages
12,045
Location
Webster, MD.
Helicopter pilots and mechanics have a strange relationship. Ones job is toprovide the helicopter with love and care, the others is to provide the wear and tear. But, the bottom line is this, there is a symbolic partnership here,because one job depends on the other.
When I was a CE (crew chief) the aircraft was MINE; I just loaned it out to various pilots to abuse. Love some of the pilot's 'write ups' such as: "FM radio inop." Corrective action: "Properly tuned to correct frequency and turned on. Works as designed."
 

contender

Ruger Guru
Joined
Sep 18, 2002
Messages
25,770
Location
Lake Lure NC USA
"HOW TO OPERATE A HELICOPTER MECHANIC'

freakingdawgen,, I LOVE IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

That was excellent!

As for tracking blades on a Huey,, most of what we did involved a grease pencil, taped to a skinny aluminum pole, and slowly & carefully used to "touch" a full run-up rotor.
I never enjoyed that,, as I always felt it could have severe consequences if we did it wrong. But,, I never had any problems,, but it sure took a lot longer to do the tracking adjustments. Run-up, mark, shut down, adjust. Repeat as often as necessary until you got it adjusted right. We didn't even have the "flag" type for our main's.

"When I was a CE (crew chief) the aircraft was MINE; I just loaned it out to various pilots to abuse."

Quoted for truth!!!!!!!!

I named my bird,, and still remember her tail number; 66-16054
 
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